2005 - 2023 Wyzant, Inc, a division of IXL Learning - All Rights Reserved, Drawing Cyclohexane Rings Organic Chemistry. Now, we can just plug all of these values in and solve for V: To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Which differs slightly from our previous result based on the $30$km buoyancy calculation due to inaccuracies in the air density value at $30$km. What you are really asking is what is the volume of a balloon. Mass lifted = mass of the volume of fluid displaced. The cart accelerates at4.15m/s^2. The ascent-rate is velocity where the buoyancy (force) of the . According to this source, the temperature at sea level is $15.0$C $ \approx 288.2$K, the pressure is $101$kPa, and the density is $1.23\text{kg}\text{m}^{-3}$. Temperature effect of rising helium balloon in air. No helium leaves the balloon. However, they need to be checked by the moderator before being published. There is something incredibly neat about helium balloons! ft. Average Float Time 18 - 24 Hours + Ultra Hi-Float 1 - 4 Weeks High altitude products vary by elevation and weather conditions. The decreasing temperature in a balloon will decrease the volume too. In our case, we'll use the value of 0.08206 L atm/K mol since these units fit the units of our given values the best. To calculate the lift weight for a helium-filled balloon, multiply the balloon's volume by its mass and then divide by the number of grams that one liter of helium can lift. The volume of the balloon is 0.030m ^3. V &= \frac{m_\text{payload}}{\rho - \frac{PM_h}{RT}} \\ Calculate the balloon's lift weight by multiplying the volume by the mass a liter of helium can lift 1.0715 g . HELIUM & WEIGHT CHART In this case, since the volume and molar quantity of the gas are changing, you need to solve the following equation: n1 20.4 mol, or n1 = (20.4)(0.8323) 4.266. Get tips on science and chemistry with help from an experienced educator in this free video series. Question: A helium balloon, assumed to be a perfect sphere, has a radius of 24.0 cm. After hydrogen, helium is the second most abundant element in the universe. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. But would it be possible to use the combined gas law to get the volume of the helium at 30km altitude? Helium balloons are Mylar and not rubber because there is less space between the molecules in Mylar, so the balloon stays inflated longer. How is Jesus " " (Luke 1:32 NAS28) different from a prophet (, Luke 1:76 NAS28)? It only takes a minute to sign up. As of 2010, it took 300,000 cubic feet of helium to float the 15 character balloons in that year's Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, the equivalent volume of 2.2 million gallons of milk. However, it is highly flammable, so the slightest spark can cause a huge explosion. The mass and volume of helium in the balloon remained constant. And if we know this then we can calculate the density of the air at a particular altitude using the ideal gas equation, if we know the pressure and temperature at that altitude. 35,000 worksheets, games, and lesson plans, Spanish-English dictionary, translator, and learning, a Question The temperature of the helium in the balloon was increased. The other balloon contains neon. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. It discusses how to calculate the upward buoyant force acting on the spherical. The attachment is either tied into the knot, or secured with a plastic disk. What is the electric field strength at a point that is 0.25 m to the lef. We know the molar mass of air (an average molar mass as it is a mixture of different compounds) to be $M_a = 28.97\text g \text{mol}^{-1}$. The temperature of the helium does not change. density of helium is equal to 0.1785 kg/m; at 0C (32F or 273.15K) at standard atmospheric pressure.In Imperial or US customary measurement system, the density is equal to 0.01114 pound per cubic foot [lb/ft], or 0.00010318 ounce per cubic inch [oz/inch] . &= \frac{m_\text{payload}}{\frac{PM_a}{RT} - \frac{PM_h}{RT}}. Calculating probabilities from d6 dice pool (Degenesis rules for botches and triggers). Specific weight is given as N/m 3 and lb f / ft 3. = 6.00 g 4.00 g/mol = 1.50 mol. It only takes a minute to sign up. Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article: Marshall Brain Before you rent a helium tank, know how many balloons you will need, so you can determine the size of tank you will need to rent. It's because the hydrogen and helium atoms are lighter than a nitrogen atom. We can now use the atmospheric conditions at $30$km, with this amount of gas, to see the volume up there: $$V = \frac{nRT}{P} = \frac{199\times 8.314 \times 226.9}{1.20 \times 10^3} = 312\text m^3.$$. Keep up with the worlds newest programming trends. How do you actually find maximum volume of the balloon according to the height that it has to reach and temperature at that height? Where does this (supposedly) Gibson quote come from? There are 249.81 decimoles in 100 grams of Helium. 3' 30" 18" 16" 11" 5" 16" Helium Capacity 1.5 cu. \implies n &= \frac{PV}{RT} It may not display this or other websites correctly. How do I align things in the following tabular environment? But at the same time, doesn't the outside temperature decrease, causing the gas particles in the balloon to lose energy and have less impactful collisions and a lower velocity? Your physics assignments can be a real challenge, and the due date can be really close feel free to use our assistance and get the desired result. Here is how you can figure out the lifting capacity of the helium in a spherical helium balloon: So, for example, a 20-foot balloon has a radius of 10 feet. MathJax reference. 1.00 kg of neon gas has, 80.0 cm3 of hydrogen is collected during a chemistry experiment at 20.0C and 101 kPa. (Because gas molecules interact with each other in ways different from purely elastic collision, gases do . Is a PhD visitor considered as a visiting scholar? I think they're mainly used for research and etc. Assume the balloon contained only helium initially. Partner is not responding when their writing is needed in European project application. One cubic foot of helium will lift about 28.2 grams, so multiply the volume of the balloon by 28.2. The helium in the cylinder has a volume of 6.0 10 3 m 3 (0.0060 m 3) and is at a pressure of 2.75 10 6 P a. The force (weight) of the helium plus the latex/rubber downward is less than the buoyant force of the volume of air displaced by the balloon acting upward. The upthrust is determined by the volume of the object (in this case the volume of the air balloon), and the density of the fluid (here the density of the air at different altitudes). (Velocity and Acceleration of a Tennis Ball). On a hot day, a party balloon is filled with helium. If you buy one at the circus or fair, you can hold its string and it will ride along above you. ; Washington, DC 20230. What am I doing wrong here in the PlotLegends specification? By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. For one, you could look up the density of helium in a balloon, then multiply it by the volume you'd need so that it weighs five pounds. No density value required. Furthermore, I also have noticed that because of the lower pressure higher in the atmosphere helium expands and balloon seems filled up. Compute the volume of the balloon, approximating it to a sphere with a radius r = 11"/2 = 13.97 cm. No helium leaves the balloon. Density of Air = 1.3 kg/m 3. The helium in the cylinder has a volume of 6.0 10^-3 m3^-1 (0.0060 m^3) and is at a pressure of 2.75 10^6 Pa. (i) The pressure of helium in each balloon is 1.1 10^5 Pa. \implies \frac{n}{V} &= \frac{P}{RT} \\ The output density is given as kg/m 3, lb/ft 3, lb/gal (US liq) and sl/ft 3 . And to convert from moles to mass we use the molar mass of helium, $M_h = 4\text g \text{mol}^{-1}$, to give that, $$m_\text{helium} = n\cdot M_h = \frac{PVM_h}{RT}.$$, $$m_\text{payload} + \frac{PVM_h}{RT} = V\rho.$$. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Divide by 448 -- the number of grams in a pound . Q: How many cubic meters of helium are required to lift a light balloon with a 370-kg payload to a. That was very helpful! , where k is a constant for any given temperature and pressure. A balloon is a flexible bag that can be inflated with a gas, such as helium, hydrogen, nitrous oxide, oxygen, and air.For special tasks, balloons can be filled with smoke, liquid water, granular media (e.g. The N, R and P do not change in helium and hot air balloons, only volume and temperature. The following charts should help you. If even more helium leaks, the volume of the . Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. So why are helium and hydrogen so much lighter than air? Mg &= V\rho g \\ As I said earlier, the pressure inside the balloon at a particular altitude will be basically the same as the atmospheric pressure if we ignore any additional surface tension from the balloon itself and think of it more like a plastic bag than a stretchy elastic balloon. 7. The buoyant force will be the weight of air that it displaces because that's Archimedes principle, and the weight of the air displaced will be the mass of the air times g.So let's create an expression for the mass of the air in terms of volume because we know the . where $M$ is the total mass of the balloon. Faster molecules hit the walls of the vessel more intensely. )What distance does the ga, In case of average velocity a body may followStraight pathCurved pathVariable motionAll of them, A cart is at x = 5.25m and time t = 0. the temperature of the balloon is increased to 38.0'c as it expands to a volume of 998 l, the pressure remaining constant. Latex & Chloroprene Balloon Qualatex Bubbles Stretchy Plastic Balloons Qualatex Helium Chart Avg. Method 2. (the molar heat capacity for helium gas is 20.8 j/c # mol.) A bicycle tyre has a volume of 1.2 x 10-3 m3 when fully inflated. vegan) just to try it, does this inconvenience the caterers and staff? \implies M &= V\rho View Screen Shot 2023-03-02 at 3.04.07 PM.png from CHEM 00808 at Rowan University. Number mol. PV &= nRT \\ Are there tables of wastage rates for different fruit and veg? $$n = \frac{PV}{RT} = \frac{101 \times 10^3 \times 4.71}{8.314 \times 288.2} = 199\text{mol}.$$. Neck Lift: 2715 g. Volume: 4232 L If you use one 20L gas bottle with 200 bar filling pressure: 235 Bar Two bottles are needed. 4 g of helium will occupy 22.4 liters. Note that the gas pressure is of the helium in the balloon. (Consider what happens if we compress a portion of air with a piston -- say, a bicycle pump. for any assignment or question with DETAILED EXPLANATIONS! We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Enjoying (??) If you try a $pV=nRT$ calculation on these data, you see that the gas is already at around 10 times its initial volume with $\pu{40 mmHg}$ pressure and a $\pu{213 K}$ temperature, and that at the $\pu{50 km}$ point the volume is increased 700 times! How do you actually find maximum volume of the balloon according to the height that it has to reach and temperature at that height? This is because the volume of the balloon increases in proportion to the temperature and inversely proportional to the atmospheric pressure, whereas the density of the air increases proportionally to the atmospheric pressure and inversely proportionally to the temperature, so that they cancel out. What is precisely the reason that a helium balloon ascends? Determine the the total mass that can be lifted by the helium balloon. And how much helium do you need according to the mass that the balloon has to carry? As we know, kinetic energy (of speed) of molecules depends on the temperature: higher temperature means faster chaotic motion of molecules. On a nice, clear, dry 25C day at sea level, atmospheric pressure decreases by about 12% per km, where the air temperature decreases by about 3% per km. From the moment a white orb was spotted floating 60,000 feet over Montana, people on Twitter and cable news demanded the Biden administration shoot it down. Helium weighs 0.1785 grams per liter. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. This explains why blimps and balloons are generally quite large -- they have to displace a lot of air to float. Or am I overthinking this? Calculate the new pressure in the balloon. mol to c O2Smol 1.010 0.20 g b. However, in large volumes, the 1-gram-per-liter difference between air and helium can really add up. However, do we need any density measurement at all? 50.L This is a problem involving the temperature-volume relationship of gases, which is represented by Charles's law: (V_1)/(T_1) = (V_2)/(T_2) Remember that T is the absolute temperature, so you must convert the temperature from Celcius to Kelvin: 25 ^o C + 273 = 298K 55 ^o C + 273 = 328 K Now, rearrange the equation to solve for V_2 (the new volume): V_2 = (V_1)(T_2)/(T_1) and plug in the . 3-5 days. "P_2 = \\dfrac{P_1V_1}{V_2}\\\\\nP_2 = \\dfrac{100000Pa\\cdot 0.030m^3}{0.025m^3} = 120000Pa", Two protons in an atomic nucleus are typically separated by a distance of 2 x 10-15 m. The electric, How much work is done on a table pulled 5m by a force of 30N at an angle of 60 above the horizonta, A gardener walks in a flower garden as illustrated in the figure below. You are holding two balloons of the same volume. Determine the volume of the balloon. The ideal gas law, PV = nRT, gives the relationship among pressure, volume, temperature and number of moles (n) for a gas. The balloon is inflated with a sufficient amount of helium gas that the net upward force on the balloon and its load is32.1N. What is the lifting force of in kN for a 10 m diameter spherical balloon with helium inside at 101 kPa and 320 K surrounded by air at 101 kPa and 298.15 K? The radius of the balloon (when filled) is R = 4.9 m. The total mass of the empty balloon and basket is mb = 125 kg and the total volume is Vb = 0.059 m3. $= 8.314\text{J}\text{mol}^{-1}\text{K}^{-1}$. ncdu: What's going on with this second size column? Thanks to the ideal gas law, the volume of the balloon doesn't really depend on the fact that the gas inside is helium in particular. 4. Your physics assignments can be a real challenge, and the due date can be really close feel free to use our assistance and get the desired result. I start from the Buoyancy Formula: But helium is lighter that air. a) If 1g, A glass U-tube of uniform cross-sectional area is sealed at one end. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. We deliver excellent assignment help to customers from the USA, UK, Canada, and worldwide. National Institute of Standards and Technology; U.S. Department of Commerce; 1401 Constitution Ave N.W. Also provided is the volume of helium that should be used for each size and type of balloon, all the way up to massive 40 . Learn more about our help with Assignments: Thank you! I realize as balloons go higher, the atmospheric pressure decreases, doing less to counteract the force of the gas particles pushing against the inner walls of the balloon. What is its, A steel thick-walled gas cylinder used for storing compressed air is fitted with a safety valve whi, 2. Use MathJax to format equations. If you buy one at the circus or fair, you can hold its string and it will ride along above you. Both pressure and temperature will increase -- but temperature does not rise so fast that the volume will stay constant!). Your local, ARA-affiliated rental store professionals also can assist you in renting the proper helium tank. Weigh the full bottle, then again with the air that has escaped from the balloon. Technically once we calculate the amount of helium in the balloon at sea level, we only need readings for temperature and pressure at the higher altitude, not density, as we saw in the second calculation which lead to $312\text m^3$. The balloon rises because of buoyancy. calculate q, w, and #e for the helium in the balloon. At an altitude of $30$km, the temperature is $-46.6$C $\approx 226.9$K, the pressure is $1.20$kPa, and the density is $0.0184\text{kg}\text{m}^{-3}$. Let the volume of helium in the balloon be $V$. Now how can we use this to calculate the volume of helium gas? Subscribe Now:http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=ehoweducationWatch More:http://www.youtube.com/ehoweducationMeasuring the volume of helium . Fill the balloon with air. So We want a volume of helium such that it's mass is LESS than that of air by an amount equal to the mass of. \end{align}. Although not used much anymore, hydrogen balloons were once quite popular. There are three certainties in this world: Death, Taxes and Homework Assignments. Choose an expert and meet online. The physics behind Balloons lifting objects? If you are measuring your balloon in feet, that gives you the volume of the balloon in cubic feet. Calculate the new pressure in the balloon. Determine the number of moles of helium in the balloon, and the mass of helium needed to inflate the balloon to these values. We're going to calculate the buoyant force on this two liter helium balloon. "How Helium Balloons Work" Chemistry Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for scientists, academics, teachers, and students in the field of chemistry. This is because helium is less dense. Helium balloons work by the same law of buoyancy. The volume is then: Volume (cm^3) = Weight(gm)/1(gm/cm^3), (neglecting the weight of the empty balloon.) Because helium is lighter that air, a helium balloon rises, just as an air bubble rises in more dense water. JavaScript is disabled. Answer: When you say "how much", and "lift" practically what you mean is "What VOLUME of He at atmospheric pressure will lift a given object using a conventional baloon-like contraption. A balloon inflated with three breaths of air has a volume of 1.7 L. At the same temperature and pressure, what is the volume of the balloon if five more same-sized breaths are added to the balloon? A limit involving the quotient of two sums. Thanks for contributing an answer to Chemistry Stack Exchange! Is it correct to use "the" before "materials used in making buildings are"? &= \frac{PM_a}{RT} The barrel of the pump has a wor, Neon is a monatomic gas, in which inter-molecular forces are extremely weak. The volume of the balloon is 0.030m ^3. A 12-liter balloon contains 0.52 moles of helium gas. In Graham's law, is the rate of effusion only dependent on molar mass? Be sure that math assignments completed by our experts will be error-free and done according to your instructions specified in the submitted order form. The volume of helium in an inflated balloon is 3.0 10^-3 (0.0030 m3). In the film we see an enormous collection of balloons above the house, perhaps 10 times the volume of the house. A uniform electric field with a magnitude of 6.8 x 104 N/C is passing through a flat square with, Problem Solving:1. A link to the app was sent to your phone. A balloon filled with helium gas takes 3.96 hours to deflate to 25.1% of its original volume. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? One balloon contains 1.0 g helium. han LooL How high will a party balloon filled with helium go? Why is this sentence from The Great Gatsby grammatical? Also, if the density were the same everywhere, air at sea level would not be compressed by the weight of the atmosphere above us, which is also absurd. And how much helium do you need according to the mass that the balloon has to carry? Use MathJax to format equations. About Helium; Helium weighs 0.0001785 gram per cubic centimeter or 0.1785 kilogram per cubic meter, i.e. If an air mass started to rise then contract due to cooling, that would be the end of that convection event. Mass of balloon = 80 kg. Q: Calculate the volume (in m^3) of helium needed in a hot air balloon to lift at least 100 kg of load.. If The speed of the cart, 1. sand, flour or rice), or light sources.Modern day balloons are made from materials such as rubber, latex, polychloroprene, or a nylon fabric, and can come in many different colors. Get a free answer to a quick problem. The weight of the envelope of the balloon is46.5N and the volume of the helium when the balloon is fully inflated is31.5m3. Subscribe Now:http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=ehoweducationWatch More:http://www.youtube.com/ehoweducationMeasuring the volume of helium in a balloon is something that you can easily do with two different techniques. Our experts will gladly share their knowledge and help you with programming projects. Making educational experiences better for everyone. The helium balloon displaces an amount of air (just like the empty bottle displaces an amount of water). Helium is a gas like air; in fact, air has some helium in it. A second balloon at the same temperature and pressure has a volume of 18 liters. How to prove that the supernatural or paranormal doesn't exist? When you blow up a balloon, you sense a relatively high resistance at first. Choose the actual unit of temperature: C F K R. What video game is Charlie playing in Poker Face S01E07? Well, in the limiting case, the upthrust force will just balance the weight of the balloon, so we can say that: \begin{align} Why do small African island nations perform better than African continental nations, considering democracy and human development? The temperature of the helium does not change. Can I tell police to wait and call a lawyer when served with a search warrant? For Free. Therefore, the gases made of lighter atoms are lighter. Helium balloons float because helium is less dense than air. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Flying Balloon Type Inflated Diameter Lift Ability Gas Capacity 242 cu ft tank Time* Assume the density of air is 1.28 kg/m3 and the density of helium in the balloon is 0.18 kg/m3. The ideal gas law describes how the volume of a gas varies with amount, in mol, of gas particles, pressure, and temperature. Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article: Marshall Brain That doesn't sound like much -- the bottle itself weighs more than a gram, so it won't float. We can find the value for n by dividing the mass of helium gas by its molar mass: n = number of moles = mass of sample molar mass. Our experts will gladly share their knowledge and help you with programming projects. In order for the balloon to be able to float, the upthrust must be at least as large as the weight of the balloon (the combined mass of the gas and the load). The radius of the balloon (when filled) is R = 5.3 m. The total mass of the empty balloon and basket is mb = 129 kg and the total volume is Vb = 0.057 m3. Helium is deemed to be worth . Hydrogen weighs just 0.08988 grams per liter. It turns out that helium is a lot lighter than air. Plugging in values for r and , we get V = 9.813.97 cm. (326g) *Because the filling and usage of display balloons is beyond our control, no performance or longevity guarantee can be made. Figure 2: Balloon parameters for a (upper) 1200 gram balloon and (lower) 1500 gram balloon. No packages or subscriptions, pay only for the time you need. (without it being tied). National Institute of Standards and Technology; U.S. Department of Commerce; 1401 Constitution Ave N.W. This is also, let us say, the volume of air displaced (assuming the volume of payload is negligible in comparison). Since each helium balloon creates about 10 g of lift you would need at least 10 000 000/10 balloons - ie about a million balloons to lift the house! In this modified thought experiment, the density of the gas inside the balloon is exactly the same as the density of the surrounding air, assuming that both pressure and temperature are equalized. Is there a single-word adjective for "having exceptionally strong moral principles"? Note that the gas pressure is of the helium in the balloon. Math behind helium balloons lifting objects to (almost) space, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Chris C. The air in the tube is initiall, The cylinder of a pump has a volume of 25.0 cm3. The input parameters are; temperature, balloon mass, payload mass, initial diameter and max diameter. Divide by 448 -- the number of grams in a pound -- to determine the number of pounds it can lift. I didn't know that balloons expanded during the fly because of thermodynamics, and I didn't know how high they can fly, but a rapid search tells that a partially unfilled regular balloon can fly until an altitude of around $\pu{25 km}$. As important. Note that the pressure was converted from kPa to Pa, and the molar mass from gmol$^{-1}$ to kgmol$^{-1}$. In this edition of HowStuffWorks, you'll find out all . How to react to a students panic attack in an oral exam? If the pressure at this altitude is 228 mm Hg and the temperature is -45C, what is the a. In this case, the helium balloon that you hold by a string is floating in a "pool" of air (when you stand underwater at the bottom of a swimming pool, you are standing in a "pool of water" maybe 10 feet deep -- when you stand in an open field you are standing at the bottom of a "pool of air" that is many miles deep). This equation, Equation \ref{2}, is superior to Equation \ref{1}. You are using an out of date browser. Enter weight, select a unit of weight, and specify a material or substance to search for. You can find this image quite interesting: You are exactly correct that it is a matter of atmospheric pressure decreasing at a rate great enough to overcome the contraction due to decrease in temperature. Density means mass divided by volume, a lower volume equals a higher density which means enough drop in volume the helium balloon could be too dense to float. Also: while the trend of the pressure is quite logical, that of temperature is caused by complex interations (eg: sun rays that heat particles). ft. Average Float Time 30+ Hours + Ultra Hi-Float 3 - 7 Weeks 11" Helium Capacity.5 cu. If you have ever wondered why it flies away, then read on. But it will still weigh 2lbs (+Ballon) No, I'm not confusing that. Expert Answer. The temperature of the air is 0C and the atmospheric pressure is 1.00 atm. We can express this total mass as that of the helium gas and that of the payload. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Density of Helium = .18 kg/m 3. If you preorder a special airline meal (e.g. A few materials, substances, compounds or elements with a name containing, like or similar to. Explain why the pressure exerted by the helium inside the balloon would increase. How can I explain to my manager that a project he wishes to undertake cannot be performed by the team? As for the pressure, it goes from around $\pu{40 mmHg}$ to $<\pu{1 mmHg}$ in the range $25\text{}\pu{50 km}$. Assuming no change in pressure or in temperature reduces this problem to. As long as the helium plus the balloon is lighter than the air it displaces, the balloon will float in the air. The difference between the phonemes /p/ and /b/ in Japanese. Time to Burst: 120 min. Ok, that was fun. You should be able to calculate the volume of helium at high and low altitudes by searching for the pressures and temperatures at those locations. 2023 BrainRouter LTD. All rights reserved. So I've seen those big helium balloons that are not even filled all the way up, but they still manage to reach heights of up to 30 km. The following diagram shows the different lifting capacities of different volumes of helium: A 100-foot-diameter balloon can lift 33,000 pounds! Then, under water, let the air escape into an inverted bottle that has been filled with water. Nitrogen weighs 1.2506 grams per liter, and since nitrogen makes up about 80 percent of the air we breathe, 1.25 grams is a good approximation for the weight of a liter of air.
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